p-n junction diode work and Symbol

p-n junction diode is a basic semiconductor device. It is a semiconductor crystal which has an excess of acceptor impurities in one region and donor impurities in the other region. These regions are called p-region and n-region respectively and the boundary between these regions is called p-n junction.

The positive holes in the p-type region are the majority charge carriers and have the same number of stable negative acceptor ions. Similarly, in the n-region, negative electrons are the majority charge carriers and there are equally stable positive donor ions. Thus both the regions are electrically neutral.

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p-n junction diode circuit symbol :

In electronic circuits, semiconductor devices are represented by symbols. The symbol of p-n junction diode is shown below. In this, arrow — head denotes p-region and bar denotes n-region.

The direction of the arrow, which is from p to n, represents the direction of effect of conventional current in the forward biasing junction. The p side is called the anode and the n side is called the cathode.

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